Burt t his publication is designed to help you learn more about agricultural cooperatives or to help you think through the process of organizing and operating such a business. Mccann madison and london, university of wisconsin press, 1995. Vision for ethiopias extension system modern agriculture integrated with the rest of the economy and a wealthy society free from food insecurity and poverty. Explain the history of agricultural extension in the world. Agricultural extension work has a venerable, albeit largely unrecorded, history.
A view from the farm abeje berhanu 0f 1 since the 1960s, ethiopia has been experimenting with different agricultural extension programs e. Extension, education and communication service research, extension and training division sustainable development department agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge by william mcleod rivera in collaboration with m. The agricultural sector currently contributes 47% of the gross national product ethiopian economy, 2015. Jones is senior lecturer, agricultural extension and rural development department, and chris garforth is senior lecturer and head of the agricultural extension and rural development department, both at the university of reading, united kingdom. The role of extension in agricultural development essay cram. Historical background the agricultural sector in ethiopia represents 45 % of the gdp and about 85 % of the population gains their livelihood directly or indirectly from agricultural production including livestock. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia. Todays understanding of extension goes beyond technology transfer to facilitation, beyond training to learning, and includes helping farmers form groups, deal with marketing issues, and partner with a broad range of service providers and other agencies. National strategy for ethiopias agricultural extension system. How appropriate is the single spine structure table of contents abstract i 1. Are agricultural extension packages what ethiopian. The nations agricultural production is overwhelmingly of a subsistence nature. Effectiveness of the extension service provision 5 4. Extension services are currently supported by a range of government, donorbased, cooperative and farmer groups and private agents.
Haramaya university, formerly known as alemaya university, was established with the initiative of emperor haile selassie in 1954 based on the need for modernizing ethiopian agriculture in particular and education in general through the establishment. Ethiopia s highlands and their lowland peripheries offer a distinctive and, in many ways, ideal setting for human habitation and the evolution of agricultural ecologies. The ranges in climate variability by season and over time framed a sophisticated set of crops, agricultural practices, and local political ecologies. Department of rural development and agricultural extension. Informal farmers groups have a short history in the ethiopian context. Research and developments issues do not function in vacuum. Ethiopia is often considered a leader in its commitment to extension. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension service on farm productivity in ethiopia int. The article presents the historical evolution of attempts made in ethiopia to. Sep 02, 2016 lack of skilled personnel, weak linkages between agricultural extension and research, and small landholdings have also worked against surplus production. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. Trends, constraints and opportunities 1 adeleke salami, abdul b. Historical perspectives began in 1931, with the establishment of ambo agricultural school, but not do extension work in the sense of the term that we understand today belay, 2003 limited extension activities began with establishment of ministry of agriculture in 1943.
Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension. In october 2010, a fiveyear agricultural growth program agp i was signed between the government of ethiopia goe, and the world bank ida including other development partners. Brief overview of agricultural extension and its evolution in ethiopia. The country is still unable to feed itself despite improved agricultural policies since. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to. It is designed to operationalise the caadp compact signed by the government and its development partners.
The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. The contents are provided free for noncommercial purpose such as teaching, training, research, extension and self learning. This paper examines the participation of farmers in the participatory demonstration and training extension system and looks into the principal barriers. Accounting for over 40 percent of gdp, 80 percent of exports, and 80 percent of the labor force, agriculture remained in 1991 the economys most important sector. History of agriculture in ethiopia oxford research. Introduction the agricultural sector continues to play a crucial role for development, especially in lowincome.
Heavy investments in dams and irrigated agriculture also foretell new agricultural landscapes of riverain areas that will need to coexist with the classic highland smallholder farms. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Our study aims to begin to fill this evidence gap with the goal of identifying and encouraging the uptake of best practices for the delivery of extension services by governments. This paper begins with a brief overview of efforts to promote improved seed, chemical fertilizers, extension services, and other modern agricultural inputs and services in ethiopia. While the focus is on creating a new cooperative, many of the ideas may be of interest to those thinking. Realizing the importance of agricultural research in economic development the ethiopian government established the institute of agricultural research iar in 1966 as a semi.
This section provides details on the history of agricultural extension in ethiopia and the current extension system. Chapter 1 the history, development, and future of agricultural extension. Indepth assessment of the public agricultural extension. As a meaningbearing phrase, an agricultural extension is an approach that aims to provide uninformed farmers and their households with relevant information about new farming practices and techniques that can boost agricultural production and improve living standards. Though in person extension meetings, events and classes are canceled until june 30, we are still working in your communities and bringing online education and resources to all minnesotans. Aug, 2018 development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. History of agricultural extension in the world and in africa. I historical origins of agriculture marek zvelebil and mark pluciennik encyclopedia of life support systems eolss resources had to be complementary, so they could form an adaptable package, or an agricultural system that could then develop further. This overview of the agricultural extension system in ethiopia is part of the.
The history of integrated rural development efforts in ethiopia dates to the late. A brief history of public extension policies, resources and advisory activities in ethiopia. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Access to land is the one area where progress has been significant and has direct positive implications for address gender disparities in the agricultural sector. Development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. The government of ethiopia goe is pursuing an ambitious growth and transformation plan gtp that foresees ethiopia in the bracket of a middle income country by 2020. The ethiopian agricultural extension system and its. Ethiopias agriculture agriculture in ethiopia is the main form of livelihood for the majority of the population. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high priority on boosting agricultural production and productivity. Apart fromtraining students and demonsting the potential effects of. Though inperson extension meetings, events and classes are canceled until june 30, we are still working in your communities and bringing online education and resources to all minnesotans. Along with school gardens willis, 1922, the extension workers were considered an effective way of demonstrating improved cultivation practices to villagers.
These extension approaches have been pushing in one way or another for increased use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. Ethiopia s new start, reflecting his view on how to create an enabling environment for agricultural development. His knowledge of the ethiopian agricultural extension system has been. Ethiopia has great agricultural potential because of its vast areas of fertile land, diverse climate, generally adequate rainfall, and large labor pool. The political economy of agricultural extension policy in. There is an evident dichotomy in many rural development policies in the world between extension driven adoption of modern inputs and community. Kalim qamar food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2003.
Section n provides a brief discussion on the method ofdata collection and the study areas. The role of extension in agricultural development by ifeoma irohibe department of agricultural extension, university of nigeria, nsukka agriculture is the science of cultivating crops and rearing animals for the benefit of man and also includes other processes such as processing, storage and marketing of agricultural produce. Other articles where history of ethiopia is discussed. Lack of skilled personnel, weak linkages between agricultural extension and research, and small landholdings have also worked against surplus production. This paper examines the participation of farmers in the participatory demonstration and training extension system and looks into the principal barriers to the adoption of modern agricultural inputs. Most of the reserve land is located in parts of the country that have favourable climatic conditions for intensive. Chapter 1 the history, development, and future of agricultural. Kamara, zuzana brixiova are research economist, research division manager and. This will provide policy makers in the sa national and provincial departments of agriculture, the extension service, nongovernmental organizations ngos. Background agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included debre zeit. The agricultural sector greatly influences economic performance, accounting for about 46% of the national gdp, and over 84% of export commodities.
The only one of its type in the country, the department of agricultural extension at haramaya university has been created at about the time when the new national extension intervention programme was on the anvil and was meant to specifically serve the purpose of agricultural development led industrialization adli policy by providing the required trained human resource. While significant progress has been achieved in kenya and mauritius, internal strife in the other countries has held back major efforts to strengthen the role and performance of agricultural extension. If you are facing any problem than fill form contact us. For outcomes from agricultural research to bring about meaningful development in ethiopia, these issues, among many others, need to be addressed by the current and future ethiopian governments.
Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Convinced that the information contained in this report is important especially in. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the ambo agricultural school which is one of the oldest agricultural institutions inethiopia and the first agricultural high schoolofferinggeneral education withamajor emphasis on agriculture. In an effort to boost investments and productivity, intraafrican trade and regional agrifood value chains. Ethiopias highlands and their lowland peripheries offer a distinctive and, in many ways, ideal setting for human habitation and the evolution of agricultural ecologies. Ethiopia tomato production in ethiopia challenged by pest. History and institutions in agricultural extension provision in uganda 2 4. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the. Policy makers and donor agencies have so far been emphasized the use of modem farm technologies as a sole source of agricultural growth in ethiopia. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production. Prepared under the aegis of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao, this text presents a fresh and comprehensive look at agricultural development policy. Ethiopia agriculture, information about agriculture in. Mission statement the mission of the journal of agricultural extension is to publish conceptual papers and empirical research that tests, extends, or builds agricultural extension theory and contributes to the practice of extension worldwide.
Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge. History of agricultural extension in nigeria peakng. Ethiopias agriculture sector policy and investment. The country is still unable to feed itself despite improved agricultural policies since the fall of the revolutionary regime. South korean strategy for agricultural technology transfer to. Dimensions of agriculture extension pdf book agrimoon. Korea has always strived for a world free from hunger and poverty, and will participate actively in the. Chief among these was the development and use of the. Africa ssa is characterised by comparatively slow growth in agricultural productivity. South korean strategy for agricultural technology transfer to developing countries case of rural development administration paper outline access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is the right of everyone. The case of participatory demonstration and training extension system article pdf available in journal of social development in africa 181. Owing to the fact that ethiopia has vast potential for agricultural production, the gtp primarily focuses on boosting agricultural production. Ethiopias most promising resource is its agricultural land. The aswap is a prioritised resultsoriented framework for implementing the agricultural components of the malawi growth and development strategy mgds.
Guide to agricultural drainage systems, including planning and design strategies, calculators. The program, financed on the basis of this agreement, has been under implementation in 96 high potential agriculture. A brief introduction to agricultural cooperatives l. Background agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and. Our findings suggest that strengthening extension services to make them more responsive to the needs of farmers can induce a switch to more commercial, marketoriented.
Mission of ethiopias extension system create modern, effective and efficient agricultural extension system through enhanced marketoriented. Extension system and to identify the most important barriers to the adoption of modem agricultural inputs. When in 1904 the ceylon agricultural society was formed to promote experimental work, it also began an agricultural extension service with the objective of reaching native cultivators arasasingham, 1981. Although soil erosion, overgrazing, and deforestation have seriously damaged the plateaus, nearly half the potentially cultivable land is still available for use. Nov 23, 2011 the discussion of the history of agricultural extension in nigeria is treated briefly in the precolonial and colonial periods as well as in the current or postcolonial epoch. Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of gdp and more than 80 percent of exports in 1998, is by far the most important economic activity in the ethiopian economy 1998 est. Ethiopias input systems and markets in historical perspective.
The discussion of the history of agricultural extension in nigeria is treated briefly in the precolonial and colonial periods as well as in the current or postcolonial epoch. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. The story of maize in ethiopias agricultural history is emblematic of the struggle between pressures for change and the inertia of tradition felt by farmers. It is a significant social innovation, an important force in agricultural change.
Haramaya university, formerly known as alemaya university, was established with the initiative of emperor haile selassie in 1954 based on the need for modernizing ethiopian agriculture in particular and education in general through the establishment of an agricultural college and training. Ethiopias new start, reflecting his view on how to create an enabling environment for agricultural development. Extension services, ethiopia, politics, control, input markets 1 introduction over the past 20 years, when many african governments have shown limited commitment to supporting smallholder agriculture and when many have neglected agricultural extension services in particular, the government of ethiopia has consistently invested in both. The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition vol. The impact of strengthening agricultural extension services. Agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included debre zeit. Agricultural extension can thus be defined as the entire set of organizations that. The objective of this paper is to present the history and theory of, and problems associated with, traditional agricultural cooperatives. Ethiopia, the second populous nation in africa with 85% of its population currently estimated to be at 96. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83.
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